1. Adhesive thiab nws cov kev hloov kho
(1) Hom thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nplaum siv rau cov phaj sib xyaw
Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov kua nplaum rau plywood: protein kua nplaum thiab hluavtaws cob kua nplaum. Vim tias lub zog thiab cov khoom tsis muaj dej tsis zoo ntawm cov nplaum nplaum yog qis dua li cov khoom siv hluavtaws ntawm cov pos hniav, cov nplaum feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim khoom yog hluavtaws resin nplaum, uas feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv hluavtaws, tus neeg sawv cev kho, muab tub lim thiab hloov kho.
Synthetic resin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplaum. Kev tsim cov plywood feem ntau yog ua los ntawm urea-formaldehyde resin thiab phenolic resin. Urea formaldehyde resin yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim, tsis tshua muaj nqi, zoo sib txuas lub zog thiab ceev curing ceev, nrog ib tug tej yam dej kuj, yog lub ntsiab nplaum rau plywood. Vim tias qhov kev laus tsis zoo ntawm urea-formaldehyde resin, nws yog siv rau cov khoom siv sab hauv tsev. Phenolic resin adhesive muaj kev sib txuas siab zog thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, tab sis tus nqi siab dua, thiab nws yog siv los tsim cov plywood sab nraum zoov.
Curing tus neeg sawv cev yog lub catalyst uas accelerates qhov kho ntawm cov nplaum. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau siv rau urea-formaldehyde adhesives yog ammonium chloride. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub muaj zog thiab cov ntsev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tawv tawv ntawm urea-formaldehyde adhesives, uas tuaj yeem siv ib leeg lossis ua ke. Qee lub sij hawm qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, xws li urea, hexamethylene tetramine, dej ammonia, thiab lwm yam, kom ncua sij hawm siv cov kua nplaum. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj toxicity tsawg urea-formaldehyde resin nplaum qhia tau hais tias vim cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj formaldehyde nyob rau hauv cov nplaum, tsuas yog ammonium chloride yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev kho, thiab lub sijhawm kho tau ntev dua, yog li ntau cov khoom siv kho mob. Nws yog siv los ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cov nplaum.
Phenolic resin nplaum vim yog cov resin loj, nws yuav kho sai sai tom qab cua sov, yog li cov kua nplaum kub kub feem ntau tsis ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis cov kua nplaum txias kom ntxiv benzene sulfonate, roj av sulfonic acid thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov kua nplaum uas siv rau plywood feem ntau yog sau, lub hom phiaj yog kom txo cov nqi ntawm cov resin, txo cov nqi ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kua nplaum. Tom qab ntxiv tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov muab tub lim; Nws tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua nplaum, txhim kho cov viscosity, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab nyias veneer los ntawm cov kua nplaum, thiab txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm ua ntej ntawm cov kua nplaum; Txo qhov shrinkage kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov nplaum txheej, txhim kho cov nplaum nplaum thiab txhim kho kev laus ntawm cov nplaum txheej; Txo qhov brittleness ntawm cov kua nplaum txheej thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm expansion coefficient ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab ntoo tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; Txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dawb formaldehyde, txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig; Nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm thov thiab txhim kho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.
Fillers tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov organic fillers thiab inorganic fillers raws li tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Organic fillers tuaj yeem txhim kho resin bonding, ntxiv dag zog rau cov nplaum nplaum, txhim kho elastic modulus thiab hloov nws cov khoom, xws li cov hmoov nplej, ntoo hmoov, taum hmoov, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, txiv ntseej cocoa, walnut plhaub hmoov, alpha hydroxymethylcellulose thiab bark hmoov. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntau dhau ntawm cov fillers yuav txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kua nplaum. Inorganic fillers yog kaolin, chalk av, asbestos, gypsum thiab iav hmoov, inorganic fillers yuav tsis hloov cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kua nplaum, feem ntau nce lub ntim ntawm cov kua nplaum.
Feem ntau siv urea-formaldehyde ntoo kua nplaum thiab phenolic ntoo kua nplaum hauv kev tsim cov plywood yog cov kua nplaum zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis muaj qee qhov kev ua tsis tau zoo, feem ntau hauv cov resins lossis lawv cov txheej txheem synthesis ntxiv qee cov ntaub ntawv hloov kho los txhim kho lawv cov khoom.
Urea-formaldehyde resin feem ntau hloov nrog roj hmab emulsions, polyvinyl acetate emulsions, phenol, resorcinol, phenylguanosamine, melamine, polyvinyl cawv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov roj hmab emulsion rau urea-formaldehyde nplaum tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov nplaum nplaum, txo cov nqi ntawm cov dawb formaldehyde hauv cov nplaum los ntawm 1/2, txo cov viscosity ntawm cov nplaum thiab nce lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Cov nplaum no yog siv rau kev nias txias lossis kub nias. Ntxiv polyvinyl acetate emulsion rau cov kua nplaum tuaj yeem txhim kho elasticity thiab kev sib txuas lub zog ntawm cov kua nplaum txheej, thiab ua kom ceev ceev ntawm chav tsev kub. Lub zog nplaum thiab dej tsis kam ntawm cov resin tau txhim kho zoo heev los ntawm kev ntxiv phenol, resorcinol thiab phenylguanosamine thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov dej tsis kam thiab kev sib txuas lub zog ntawm urea-formaldehyde nplaum tuaj yeem txhim kho thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dawb formaldehyde tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev siv 30% amino epoxy resin ua hloov. Cov nplaum no tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntoo thiab kev sib txuas nrog cov dej noo siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntxiv rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm polyvinyl cawv (0.5% ~ 1%), nws tuaj yeem siv rau precompression molding, thiab tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom hauv tsev.
Lub curing kub ntawm cov pos hniav phenolic yog siab, thiab lub sij hawm kub nias yog ntev. Tom qab ntxiv 1.5% thiab tannin extract, phenolic cov pos hniav tuaj yeem kho tau ntawm qhov kub qis ntawm 120 ~ 130 degree, thiab lub sijhawm kub kub kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom luv. Cov nyhuv tib yam tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ntxiv 25% mus rau 30% resorcinol. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab rau phenolic resin muaj qhov kub thiab txias dua thiab viscoelasticity.
(2) txheej txheem txheej txheem nplaum
Thaum sib tov, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau kev tswj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom xyaw uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov kua nplaum, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab yuav tsum muaj txaus sib tov lub sij hawm los ua ntau yam ntaub ntawv sib tov tusyees, thiaj li hais tias multi-component cov ntaub ntawv tsis precipitate. thiab nag lossis daus hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Cov kua nplaum zoo tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm "viscosity tom qab kho cov kua nplaum". Cov hauv qab no qhia ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua kua nplaum.
Lub formulation (los ntawm huab hwm coj) ntawm ua npuas ncauj urea-formaldehyde resin nplaum yog: 100 seem resin, 0.5 mus rau 1 feem ntshav hmoov, 0.2 rau 1 feem ammonium chloride, thiab 2 mus rau 4 qhov dej. Ntshav hmoov yog ib tug foaming agent. Nws yog soaked nyob rau hauv dej nrog 4 zaug nws loj rau 1h ua ntej siv. Thaum sib tov, cov resin ntxiv rau lub tshuab foaming thiab stirred. Qhov ceev ntawm lub tshuab foaming yog 250-300r / min. Cov tsos ntawm cov nplaum no yog cov tsis ntws tuab, qhov ceev yog 0.3 ~ 0.4g / cm3, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis pub tsawg dua 3h.
Cov mis npaj (los ntawm huab hwm coj) ntawm urea formaldehyde resin nplaum rau prepressing yog: 100 qhov chaw cob, 0.2 ~ 1 feem ammonium chloride, 0 ~ 0.4 qhov chaw ammonia dej , 3 ~ 6 qhov chaw hmoov, thiab 6 ~ 9 qhov chaw peanut plhaub hmoov. Thaum sib tov, thawj zaug ntxiv cov resin rau lub tshuab sib tov, ces ntxiv hmoov nplej thiab do rau 10 ~ 15min, kom txog thaum tsis muaj khob noom cookie hauv cov kua nplaum (koj tuaj yeem sib tov lub khob noom cookie nrog lwm cov resin ua ntej kom txog thaum muab tshuaj txhuam, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv tag nrho. cov resin do zoo). Tom qab ntawd ntxiv txiv laum huab xeeb hmoov thiab do rau 5 feeb, thiab thaum kawg ntxiv 20% ammonium chloride tov thiab 25% chlorine dej, thiab do ua ke rau 5 feeb ua ntej siv.
Kev npaj ntawm phenolic resin kua nplaum (los ntawm pawg) yog: phenolic resin 100 qhov chaw, chalk av 7 ~ 12 qhov chaw, ntoo hmoov 3 qhov chaw, triformaldehyde 1 ~ 3 qhov chaw, dej 2.5 ~ 5.0 qhov chaw. Kev sib tov ceev yog 140 ~ 150r / min. Ntxiv txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ke thaum sib tov. Do rau 5 ~ 10min txhua zaus, thiab tom qab ntawd do rau 20min tom qab ntxiv txhua pab pawg.
2.sizing npaum li cas thiab sizing zoo
(1) Sizing tus nqi
Tus nqi sizing yog hais txog qhov hnyav ntawm cov nplaum rau ntawm chav tsev ntawm veneer tom qab sizing, qhia hauv / ㎡. Muaj ob hom txheej txheej ib sab thiab ob sab txheej txheej. Plywood raw thiab feem ntau yog siv cov tub ntxhais phaj ob-sided txheej, yog li cov kua nplaum yog ob sab txheej.
Tus nqi ntawm sizing yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau lub zog sib txuas. Cov kua nplaum ntau dhau ua rau cov kua nplaum ntau dhau, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv, ua rau lub zog sib txuas kom txo qis, thiab siv cov kua nplaum pov tseg, uas tsis yog kev lag luam. Qhov loj me me dhau los ua ib txheej nplaum txuas ntxiv, thiab tsis zoo rau kev hloov cov kua nplaum mus rau lwm qhov chaw nplaum.
Qhov loj ntawm qhov sizing yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom roj hmab, hom ntoo thiab veneer thickness. Yog hais tias lub thickness ntawm 1.25 ~ 1.50 hli veneer sizing, siv phenolic resin kua nplaum (cov ntsiab lus ntawm 45% ~ 50%), birch veneer gluing npaum li cas ntawm 220 ~ 250g / ㎡, basswood 240 ~ 260g / ㎡, 3 ash 280 ~ 280g / ㎡ Siv urea formaldehyde resin adhesive (cov ntsiab lus 60% ~ 65%), birch veneer 240 ~ 260g / ㎡, basswood 260 ~ 300g / ㎡, manchu 300 ~ 350g / ㎡.
(2) Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau qhov loj me
Sizing zoo tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov kua nplaum txheej thiab cov uniformity ntawm sizing. Lub thickness ntawm cov nplaum txheej yog nyias, thiab ib tug nruam thiab niaj hnub adhesive zaj duab xis tuaj yeem tsim, qhia tias qhov zoo ntawm qhov loj me yog qhov zoo.
Lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm sizing yog: qhov zoo ntawm cov nplaum nws tus kheej thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm sizing. Qhov zoo ntawm cov nplaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov viscosity ntawm cov nplaum, yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem. Yog tias cov viscosity loj dhau, nws tsis yooj yim rau cov kua nplaum sib npaug; Yog hais tias lub viscosity tsawg dhau, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov kua nplaum nkag thaum lub sij hawm sizing, yog li ntawd lub nto ntawm lub veneer tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib zaj duab xis tas li. Thaum sizing, ntxiv rau cov nplaum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, lwm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, xws li cov menyuam txheej, yuav tsum zam qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov menyuam thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov sib xws ntawm qhov loj me, thiab kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws thiab muaj qee yam. cov kua nplaum.
3. Sizing txoj kev thiab cov khoom siv
Veneer sizing yog txheej txheem uas qee qhov ntawm cov nplaum yog sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw ntawm veneer. Rau ib chav kawm ntawm nyias plywood siv nyob rau hauv aviation, thiaj li yuav ua kom zoo thiab siv tau yooj yim, cov nplaum zaj duab xis yog siv ncaj qha rau gluing, uas yog kim heev. Tam sim no, cov nplaum siv rau cov plywood yooj ywm feem ntau yog kua nplaum, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov txheej txheem, txau, extrusion thiab siab txau raws li cov khoom siv sib txawv.
(1) Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej
Cov txheej txheem rau cov menyuam txheej yog siv cov kua nplaum uas txuas rau cov menyuam rau lub rooj tsavxwm. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog ob sab gluing ntawm veneer, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua ob lub yob gluing tshuab lossis plaub-yob gluing tshuab.
Cov kua nplaum nyob rau hauv cov menyuam sab sauv ntawm ob-yob coater yog kis los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv qab. Thaum thov cov kua nplaum, cov veneer hla nruab nrab ntawm ob lub chais, thiab cov kua nplaum ntawm ob lub chais yog siv rau cov veneer los ntawm kev sib cuag. Qhov loj ntawm qhov sizing tus nqi yog tsuas yog tswj los ntawm kev kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub Upper thiab qis rollers thiab lub siab ntawm lub Upper rollers. Cov duab thiab tus naj npawb ntawm grooves ntawm cov menyuam kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau qhov loj me. Qhov siab ntawm cov kua nplaum ntawm cov kua nplaum yuav tsum ncav cuag 1/3 ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Ob-yob gluing tshuab yog ib qho khoom siv rov qab, tus nqi ntawm gluing tsis yooj yim rau kev tswj, lub rooj tsavxwm feem ntau tsis yooj yim rau crushed, lub voj voog ntev ntawm lub yob yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov ntev ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, yog li lub yob txoj kab uas hla yog loj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim los tswj, yog li nws tseem siv hauv peb cov khoom.
Plaub-yob coater overcomes qhov shortcomings ntawm ob-yob coater rau ib tug tej yam, thiab plaub-roll coater muaj ob extruding rollers ntxiv rau ob lub coater rollers, uas yog ib tug khub ntawm steel rollers coated nrog chrome los yog tawv roj hmab. . Lub linear ceev ntawm extrusion yob yog 15% ~ 20% qis dua li ntawm txheej yob, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm scraping. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws thiab cov menyuam yog adjustable los tswj tus nqi ntawm sizing. Muaj lub tank ntxuav hauv qab cov roj hmab yob kom tso cov dej phwj tuaj rau ntxuav cov roj hmab yob. Vim hais tias plaub-cov menyuam coater thiab qis qis ntawm lub coater muab cov kua nplaum tib lub sijhawm, qhov teeb meem ntawm cov txheej tsis sib xws ntawm ob-cov menyuam coater yog daws.
Txhawm rau tswj cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub tshuab gluing, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau nws cov kev saib xyuas, tu tsis tu ncua nrog dej sov, xws li kev kho hauv zos tuaj yeem siv txhuam dip 3% ~ 5% caustic soda tshuaj ntxuav. Yog hais tias urea-formaldehyde cob yog coated, nws yog tsim nyog los neutralize nws nrog acetic acid thiab ces ntxuav nws nrog dej. Thaum lub zawj ntawm cov menyuam muaj qee yam hnav, nws yuav tsum tau kho dua kom ntseeg tau tias cov kua nplaum sib npaug thiab cov kua nplaum yog qhov tseeb.
(2) Gluing method
Glue yog ib txoj kev ua haujlwm siab ib leeg-sizing, uas yog qhia los ntawm kev lag luam xim. Cov nplaum nkag mus rau hauv cov kua nplaum lub taub hau thiab ntws tawm ntawm lub hauv qab seam nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam siab los ua ib tug uniform thickness ntawm cov kua nplaum screen. Thaum cov veneer dhau los ntawm cov kua nplaum nplaum, ib txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum yog sab laug rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Lub thickness ntawm cov nplaum txheej txau rau ntawm lub veneer yog cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi ntws, viscosity, qhov nro ntawm cov khoom thiab kev pub ceev ntawm veneer. Ua kom cov kua nplaum ntws nrawm dua, txhim kho cov viscosity ntawm cov kua nplaum, thiab txo qhov pub ceev ntawm veneer tuaj yeem ua kom cov kua nplaum tuab, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov kua nplaum yuav tsum siab me ntsis siab dua 20 degree, txwv tsis pub lub thickness ntawm cov kua nplaum txheej tsis zoo li qub. . Txoj kev no yog tsim rau cov kab ntau lawm thiab tsis siv neeg, tab sis cov nyhuv ntawm cov veneer tsis sib xws yog qhov tsis zoo.
(3) txoj kev extrusion
Cov kua nplaum extrusion yog tsim los ntawm cov kua nplaum tso rau hauv lub tank thiab ib kab ntawm cylindrical flow kua nplaum qhov npaj rau hauv qab ntawm lub tank. Txoj kev ua kua nplaum extrusion yog siv lub siab viscosity los yog ua npuas ncauj nplaum rau lub rooj tsavxwm los ntawm lub qhov me me ntawm cov kua nplaum nplaum. Lub rooj tsavxwm hla hauv qab cov kua nplaum nplaum, thiab cov kua nplaum ntws mus rau hauv ib daim hlab thiab ntog rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov roj hmab sawb yuav tsum yog perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub board fiber. Kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov veneer coated yog dawb ntawm cov kua nplaum, thiab cov kua nplaum tuaj yeem txuas mus rau hauv cov roj hmab ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm prepressing, los yog cov roj hmab strips ntawm lub veneer tuaj yeem flattened los ntawm ib tug menyuam roj hmab npog nrog ib txheej ntawm silicone roj hmab. Thaum siv cov kua nplaum ua npuas ncauj, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov extrusion tuaj yeem nce ntxiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov txhaws ntawm lub qhov.
Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev extrusion yog kom txuag tau cov nplaum, tab sis cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm ntsaws thaum siv.
(4) Txau kua nplaum txoj kev
Txoj kev tshuaj tsuag kua nplaum yog siv lub siab siab rau cov kua nplaum (3 ~ 6MPa), yog li ntawd nws yog txau los ntawm cov kua nplaum nozzle ntawm kev kub ceev, thiab cov kua nplaum txau yog tig mus rau pem hauv ntej, kom cov dispersion zoo. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv, cov tshuaj tsuag nozzle yuav tsum me me li sai tau (inch 0.3 ~ 0.5mm), tab sis nws yooj yim los thaiv, uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov kua nplaum, tab sis kuj them sai sai rau lub viscosity ntawm cov kua nplaum. Cov txheej txheem txau muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua, tab sis nws nyuaj rau tswj cov kua nplaum. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tshuaj tsuag kua nplaum zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem tshuaj tsuag kua nplaum, uas kuj tau siv rau hauv kev ua ntej ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
Peb sizing txoj kev ntawm txau, nyem thiab txau yog cov tshiab sizing txoj kev nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws yog kev ua haujlwm siab ntau lawm, zoo sizing zoo, thiab yooj yim kom paub qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm sizing thiab billet. Tam sim no, qhov ntau lawm ntawm plywood nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog me me, cov khoom specifications yog hloov tau, thiab cov menyuam hom kua nplaum tshuab yog tseem lug siv. Cov menyuam txheej yog tsim rau tes ua haujlwm, tab sis tsis tsim nyog rau kev paub txog kev siv tshuab thiab txuas ntxiv.
